1. Why Do People Get Hyperlipidemia?
- Definition: Hyperlipidemia refers to a condition where the levels of fatty substances (cholesterol or triglycerides) in the blood are higher than the normal range.
- Main Causes:
- Genetic Factors: The probability of occurrence is higher if there is a family history.
- Irregular Diet: High-fat, high-calorie food intake is a major cause.
- Lack of Exercise: Insufficient physical activity slows down fat metabolism.
- Obesity: Weight gain increases blood fat levels.
- Age and Gender: Incidence increases with age, especially in postmenopausal women.
- Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: Nicotine and excessive alcohol intake increase blood cholesterol.
2. Why Is Hyperlipidemia Dangerous?
- Main Cause of Cardiovascular Diseases: Cholesterol buildup in the blood vessel walls causes atherosclerosis.
- Angina: Chest pain occurs due to narrowed coronary arteries.
- Myocardial Infarction: The heart muscle is damaged due to complete blockage of blood vessels.
- Stroke: Brain dysfunction occurs due to blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels.
- Asymptomatic Disease: It is easily overlooked because it has no symptoms in the early stages, but it can eventually lead to serious complications.
3. How Can Hyperlipidemia Be Diagnosed?
- Blood Test: Blood is drawn in a fasting state to check the lipid profile.
- Total Cholesterol (TC): The normal range is below 200mg/dL.
- LDL Cholesterol ("Bad" Cholesterol): Recommended to be below 130mg/dL.
- HDL Cholesterol ("Good" Cholesterol): Above 40mg/dL for men, above 50mg/dL for women.
- Triglycerides (TG): Below 150mg/dL.
- Testing Frequency: Regular testing is recommended every 4-6 years for adults over 20 years of age.
4. Hyperlipidemia Treatment Methods
- Medication:
- Statins: The most common drug to reduce LDL cholesterol.
- Fibrates: Effective in lowering triglycerides.
- Niacin: Increases HDL cholesterol and reduces triglycerides.
- Cholestyramine: Bile acid sequestrants help excrete cholesterol.
- Lifestyle Improvement: Must be done in conjunction with medication.
5. Foods Good for Hyperlipidemia
- Foods That Lower Cholesterol:
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Salmon, tuna, mackerel, etc.
- Nuts: Almonds, walnuts, pistachios, etc.
- Olive Oil: Rich in unsaturated fatty acids, good for blood vessel health.
- Whole Grains: Brown rice, oats, barley, etc.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Spinach, broccoli, apples, blueberries, etc., rich in antioxidants.
- Foods to Avoid:
- Trans fats (fried foods, fast food), saturated fats (red meat, butter), excessive sugar (carbonated drinks, desserts).
6. Exercises That Help with Hyperlipidemia
- Aerobic Exercise:
- Walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, etc., are effective in reducing blood fats.
- Recommended Time: Moderate-intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes, 5 times a week.
- Strength Training:
- Increasing muscle mass promotes metabolism and helps break down fat.
- Examples: Dumbbell exercises, squats, planks, etc.
- Precautions: Consult a doctor before starting exercise. It is important to start gradually, especially if you have cardiovascular disease.
7. Other Ways to Improve Hyperlipidemia
- Weight Management: Prevent obesity and maintain a healthy weight.
- Smoking Cessation: Nicotine increases bad cholesterol (LDL) and decreases good cholesterol (HDL).
- Stress Management: Relieve stress through meditation, yoga, and sufficient sleep.
- Regular Checkups: Early detection and continuous monitoring are important.
8. Conclusion: Prevention and Management Are Key to Hyperlipidemia!
Hyperlipidemia is asymptomatic but is called the "silent killer" of cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining healthy blood fat levels through proper diet, regular exercise, and medication if necessary, can help you maintain a healthy life. Check your lifestyle right now and start making small changes for a healthy body! 🌟🥗🏃♀️